Part 2 Summary

 In 1900, American kids moved on from secondary school and by 1945, more than half graduated and pursued their education into college. This chapter talks about immigration, child work laws, and the  development of urban areas powered school participation and changed state funded instruction. Also, we learn the effects of John Dewey's reformist thoughts, just as the impacts of IQ tests on students, the educational plan, and Cold War governmental issues. The normal schooling of Americans was just five years, so regularly children worked instead of going to school. Schools at that point, similar to working environments, were very unsanitary and a commonplace where sicknesses spread. However, that period additionally denoted the ascent of reformist training, upheld by John Dewey of the University of Chicago. Dewey imagined that schools should assume the assimilation of workers just as show scholastic abilities. William A. Wirt wanted to make these schools a better place for learning. He built up a framework in which schools were open eight hours per day, six days per week, substituting gatherings of understudies among homerooms and sporting or professional exercises with the goal that each school classroom was being utilized to the fullest. To keep students occupied and intrigued, there were classes for each interest. This is where they incorporated clubs and school activities for the students after school. Parents who needed their kids to go to school censured reformist instruction for neglecting to accentuate scholastic controls. Immigrant students couldn't keep up with the rest of the students due to a language barrier, so they introduced specialized occupational programs into the curriculum. This is where students learned domestic work, industrial or commercial work, and becoming a housewife. This is where they incorporated standardized testing for the students to “scientifically assign them to keeping up with their needs”. However, a huge assortment of contributions is as yet a sign of the present enormous public secondary schools. The mid-century saw the ascent of IQ tests and scholastic following, which redirected understudies into school prep courses or into the universe of work through business and professional courses. The Standardized testing system used on students  was strictly created for students to see how well they did and where they got placed in school. Eventually this was the case as this is a prevalent thing that goes on in the year 2021, but the idea of Standardized testing was actually created for the army after World War One. They called it the “IQ Army Test” and was used as propaganda in the public campaign to restrict immigration.